Everything about The Jules Ferry Laws totally explained
The
Jules Ferry laws are a set of
French laws, which established first
free education (
1881) then mandatory and
laic education (
1882). Proposed by the (
Republican) Minister of Public Instruction
Jules Ferry, they were a crucial step in the grounding of the
Third Republic (1871-1940), dominated until the
16 May 1877 crisis by the
Catholic Legitimists who dreamed of a return to the
Ancien Régime. These laws on
public education are in part a consequence of the defeat of the 1870
war with Prussia: the German soldiers were considered to be better educated than Frenchmen, and this was found to be one of the causes of the defeat. The Ferry laws would also be the basis of the
République des instituteurs (Teachers' Republic): through-out its existence, the Third Republic, dominated by the
Radical-Socialist Party, would rest in a large part on those middle-class
civil servants, which included teachers.
(In a striking manner,
Gustave Le Bon claimed in
The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1895) that public instruction and the large amount of teachers created for this mission was one of the causes of
anarchism,
socialism and other "subversive ideologies".)
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